Primary Sources:
Ashton-Wolfe, Harry. Warped in the Making: Crimes of Love and Hate. Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1928.
Barton, George. Celebrated Spies and Famous Mysteries of the Great War. Boston: The Page Company, 1919.
Benda, Wladyslaw Theodore, and The American Red Cross. You Can Help. 1918. 1 print, photomechanical with silkscreen, color; sheet 77 x 51 cm. Poster Format. Library of Congress Digital File of Original.
“Case of Edith Cavell is Not Comparable to That of Mata Hari.” The Atlanta Semi-Weekly Journal, Oct. 23, 1917, 3.
Covarrubias, Miguel. Black Woman, Three-Fourths Length, in Flapper Hat. 1926. Pen & ink over graphite under drawing, 43.7 x 25.9 cm, sheet. Library of Congress.
“Cruelest Lie- or Truest Mercy?” Richmond Times Dispatch, Aug. 29, 1920, 3.
“Cruelest Lie- or Truest Mercy?” The Washington Times, Aug. 29, 1920, 3.
“Dancer and Spy Executed.” The Ely Miner, Oct.19, 1917, 2.
“Dancer Flits Across the Stage of War.” The Birmingham Age-Herald, Oct. 18, 1917, 4.
“Dancer Shot as Spy Found Victims Easy.” The New York Herald, Dec. 10, 1921, 7.
“Dishonor Memory of Edith Cavell.” The Daily Ardmoreite, Oct. 20, 1917, 1.
“Dutch Dancer Spy Executed by French.” The Barre Daily Times, Oct. 16, 1917, 1.
“English War Pictures at the Lyric Theater.” The Oroville Weekly Gazette, Oct. 26, 1917, 4.
“Et Cetera.” The New York Tribune Review, Oct. 21, 1917, 1.
“Female German Spy Shot in Paris.” Norwich Bulletin, Oct. 16, 1917, 1.
Foringer, Alonzo Earl. The Greatest Mother in the World. 1 print, lithograph, color, sheet 117 x 76 cm. Poster Format. Library of Congress Digital File of Original.
“French Execute Dancer as Spy.” The New York Tribune, Oct. 16, 1917, 2.
“Gay Life of Dutch Dancer is Ended at Dawn of the Day.” The Birmingham Age-Herald, Oct. 16, 1917, 1.
“General News: Items of Interest From Home and Abroad.” Der Nordstern, Oct. 25, 1917, 1.
“German Press Given Answers.” The Ogden Standard, Oct. 20, 1917, 1.
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation Between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution. Boston: Small, Maynard and Company, 1898.
“Girl Dancer Loses Appeal, Must Die in France as Spy.” The Evening World, Sept. 28, 1917, 1.
Gollomb, Joseph. Illustration by Leo Kober. “Mata Hari, Dancer and Sinister War Figure, Was Foe of Allies.” The Sunday Star, Oct. 28, 1928, 2.
Harding, Warren G. “Inaugural Address.” March 4, 1921. The Avalon Project, Yale University. Available at https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/harding.asp (accessed February 20, 2024).
Immigration Act of 1917, 27-29, 64th Cong., 2nd Sess.
Immigration Act of 1924. Johnson-Reed Act. 68th Cong., Sess. I, Chapter 190, pages 153-169.
“Judgement Error Led to Slaying of Pretty Spy.” The Oklahoma City Times, Oct. 22, 1917, 4.
“Justifies Mata Hari’s Death.” The New York Tribune, Oct. 21, 1917, 7.
“Last Lover of Mata Hari, Woman Spy, Found in Spanish Monastery.” The Evening Star, July 17, 1922, 12.
“Life Story of Beautiful Mata Hari Who Met Death Before Firing Squad.” Richmond Times Dispatch, Oct. 19, 1918.1.
“Lover of Mata Hari Seeks Solace in Monastery in Spain; Spends Day Praying and Fasting.” Daily Ardmoreite, July 17, 1922, 1.
“‘Mata Hari’ alias MCCLEOD Margaretha Geertruida (Marguerite Gertrude).” KV2/1 Records of the Security Service, Personal Files, National Archives, UK. Available at https://cdn.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/filesonfilm/mata-hari-alias-mcleod-margaretha-geertruida-marguerite-gertrude-kv-2-1.pdf (accessed February 20, 2024).
“Mata Hari and Edith Cavell.” The Evening Star, Oct. 16, 1917, 6.
“Mata Hari, Beautiful Dancer, Is Shot by French as Spy; Was Kaiser’s Clever Agent.” El Paso Herald, Oct. 15, 1917, 1.
“Mata Hari’s Death as a Spy Described.” The New York Herald, Dec. 13, 1921, 3.
“Mata Hari Dies as Spy Before Paris Gun Squad.” The Evening World, Oct. 15, 1917, 1.
“Mata Hari is Shot at Dawn,” The Richmond Palladium, Oct. 15, 1917, 1.
“Mata Hari’s Lover Reported as Monk.” New Britain Daily Herald, July 17, 1922, 5.
“Mata Hari Pays With Life.” Richmond Times Dispatch, Oct.16, 1917, 2.
“Mata Hari, Spy for Kaiser, Dies.” Ottumwa Semi- Weekly Courier, Oct. 16, 1917, 1.
“Mata Hari, the Dancer is Shot as Dawn Today.” The Evening Star, Oct. 15, 1917, 1.
“Mistinguette’s Heroic Sacrifice for Love and France.” The Ogden Standard- Examiner, July 2, 1922, 5.
“Monk Enters Monastery to Kill Love For Siren.” New York Tribune, July 18, 2022, 9.
“No Comparison Between Women Put to Death.” The Evening Star, Oct. 20, 1917, 8.
“No Similarity Between Cavell Murder and Mata- Hari Execution.” The Omaha Sunday Bee, Oct. 21, 1917, 1.
“Not Parallel Cases.” The Webster City Freeman, Oct. 22, 1917, 2.
O’Brien, John. “Mata Hari Smiles as She Faces French Firing Squad.” Chickasha Daily Express, Jan. 31, 1922, 8.
“Paris Actress is Held for Treason, Germans Use Stagefolk as Spies.” The Richmond Palladium and Sun- Telegram, Apr. 26, 1918, 1.
Feminine Patriotism. 1914-1918. National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, DC.
“Posture League Frowns of Flappers’ ‘Boyish Forms.’” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Mar. 13, 1921, 4.
“Queens of the Spy World Whose Intrigues Sway the Fate of the Nation.” The Sun, April 7, 1918, 10.
Renesch, Edward George. Duty Calls. Chicago, IL. 1917. 1 print, offset color lithograph, 40.1 x 30 cm, sheet. Library of Congress Digital File of Original.
“Shot at Dawn.” Daily Kennebec Journal, Oct. 16, 1917, 4.
“Spying Admits No Comparison With Charity.” The Bridgeport Evening Farmer, Oct. 20, 1917, 3.
The End of the Road, dir. Edward H. Griffith (1919). Originally made by American Social Hygiene Association/ War Dept. Commission on Training Camp Activities. Streaming on National Film Preservation Foundation Website, https://www.filmpreservation.org/sponsored-films/screening-room/the-end-of-the-road-1919 (accessed February 20, 2024).
“‘The Spoilers’ at the Lyric.” The Oroville Weekly Gazette, Oct. 19, 1917, 1.
“The Voice of the People.” Evening Ledger, Oct. 17, 1917, 12.
Tuohy, Ferdinand. “The Magic Spell of a Woman Spy: The Trial, Sentence, and Execution of Mata- Hari the Dancer.” The Evening World, Jan. 4, 1922, 27.
“Two Executed Women.” The Topeka Daily State Journal, Oct. 20, 1917, 2.
U.S. Statutes at Large, Espionage Act of 1917, 64th Cong., 1st Sess. Stat. 40 Title 1, chapter 30, 217- 220. June 15, 1917. Library of Congress.
U.S. Statues at Large, Sedition Act of 1918, 65th Cong., 2nd Sess. Stat. 40, chapter 75, 553-554. May 16, 1918. Library of Congress.
“Why They Shot Pretty Mlle. Zelle at Sunrise.” The Wheeling Intelligencer, Nov. 10, 1917, 18.
Wilson, Woodrow. “Joint Address to Congress, Leading to a Declaration of War Against Germany.” April 2, 1917, Records of the US Senate, National Archives. Available at https://catalog.archives.gov/id/2668825 (accessed February 15, 2024).
“Woman Dancer of Holland Shot in Dawn at Daybreak.” The Dawson News, Oct. 23, 1917, 3.
“Woman Dancer Shot as Spy.” The Washington Herald, Oct. 16, 1917, 1.
“Woman Executed as Spy Famous Beauty.” The Dawson News, Oct. 30, 1917, 8.
“Woman Spy Executed.” The Evening Times Republican, Oct. 15, 1917, 1.
“Zimmermann Telegram as Received, by the German Ambassador to Mexico.” Jan. 16, 1917. General Records of the Department of State, Record Group 59. National Archives. Available at https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/zimmermann-telegram-as-received (accessed February 20, 2024).
Secondary Sources:
Au, Wayne ed., Rethinking Multicultural Education: Teaching for Racial and Cultural Justice. Milwaukee: Rethinking Schools, 2009.
Beardsley, Edward H. “Allied Against Sin: American and British Responses to Venereal Disease in World War I,” Medical History 20, no. 2 April 1976: 189-202. DOI: 10.1017/S0025727300022249.
Boggs, Carl. “From Manifest Destiny to Empire.” In Phantom Democracy: Corporate Interests and Political Power in America. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Bruntz, George G. Allied Propaganda and the Collapse of the German Empire in 1918. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 1938.
Bush, Erin N. “‘Attracted by the Khaki’: War Camps and Wayward Girls in Virginia, 1918-1920,” Current Research in Digital History, 1 (August 27, 2018), https://doi.org/10.31835/crdh.2018.07.
Capozzola, Christopher. Uncle Sam Wants You: World War I and the Making of the Modern American Citizen. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Carmagnani, Paola. “Mata Hari: An Icon of Modernity.” In Plots and Plotters: Double Agents and Villains in Spy Fictions, edited by Carmen Concilio, 33-53. Milan: Mimesis International, 2015.
Carter, Ilise S. The Red Menace: How Lipstick Changed the Face of American History. Guilford, CT: Prometheus Books, 2021.
Codreanu, Florina “The Dance of Death from Salome to Mata Hari.” In Death Within the Text: Social, Philosophical and Aesthetic Approaches to Literature, edited by Adriana Teodorescu, 224-243. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019.
Coelho, Paulo. The Spy: A Novel of Mata Hari. New York: Vintage Books, 2017.
Collins, Russ F. World War I: Primary Documents on Events From 1914 to 1919. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2007.
Colwell, Stacie “The End of the Road: Gender, the Dissemination of Knowledge, and the American Campaign Against Venereal Disease during World War I,” Camera Obscura 10, no. 2 (May 1992): 91-129. https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-10-2_29-91.
Conelly, Mark Thomas. The Response to Prostitution in the Progressive Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018.
Coulson, Thomas. Mata Hari: Courtesan and Spy. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishing, 1930.
Craig, Mary. A Tangled Web: Dancer, Courtesan, Dancer, Spy. Cheltenham: The History Press, 2017.
Dox, Donnalee. “Dancing Around Orientalism.” The Drama Review 50, no. 4 (Dec. 2006): 52-71. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/211295/figure/fig02.
Falconer, Martha P. “The Segregation of Delinquent Women and Girls as a War Problem,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 79, no. 1 (1918): 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271621807900117.
Farber, Steven A. “U.S. Scientists’ Roles in the Eugenics Movement (1907-1939): A Contemporary Biologist’s Perspective.” Zebrafish 5, no. 4 (Dec. 2008): 243-245. DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2008.0576.
Franklin, John Hope. “‘Birth of a Nation’: Propaganda as History.” The Massachusetts Review 20, no. 3 (1979): 417– 434. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25088973.
Frost-Knappman, Elizabeth, and Kathryn Cullen-DuPont. Women’s Suffrage in America. New York: Facts on File, 2005.
Garcia Conesa, Isabel Maria, and Antonio Daniel Juan Rubio. “American Women and Leisure in the 1920s.” Revista de Estudios de las Mujeres 1, (2013): 153-166. https://doi.org/10.25115/raudem.v1i0.571.
Gavin, Lettie. American Women in World War I: They Also Served. Denver: University Press of Colorado, 2006.
Gil, Isabel Capeloa. “Shooting Stars.” In Conflito e Trauma: XVI Colóquio de Outono, edited by Ana Gabriela Macedo, Carlos Alberto Mendes Sousa, and Vitor Moura. Ribeirão, V.N. Famalição: Edições Húmus, 2015.
Glass, Bentley. “Geneticists Embattled: Their Stand Against Rampant Eugenics and Racism in America During the 1920s and 1930s.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 130, no.1 (Mar. 1986): 130-154. https://www.jstor.org/stable/987094.
Gordon, Linda. The Second Coming of the KKK: The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s and the American Political Tradition. New York: Liveright Publishing, 2017.
Gouda, Frances, and Thijs Brocades Zaalberg, American Visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia: US Foreign Policy and Indonesian Nationalism, 1920- 1949. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2002.
Gourley, Catherine. Flappers and the New American Woman: Perceptions of Women from 1918 Through the 1920s. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2008.
Harcourt, Felix. Ku Klux Kulture: America and the Klan in the 1920s. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.
Haynes, Emily Elizabeth. “Gendering Patriotism: Wartime Culture and Propaganda in WWI.” Essay, University of Dayton, 2018. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/wgs_essay/12.
Hersh, Samuel J. “Manhood and War Making: The Literary Response to the Radicalization of Masculinity for the Purposes of WWI Propaganda.” Thesis, Kent State University Honors College, May 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1493915080610264.
Hill, Jeff. Women’s Suffrage: Defining Moments. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2005.
Howe, Russell Warren. Mata Hari: The True Story. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1986.
Hudson, Geoffrey Stephen. “The Evolution of American Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia.” Thesis, Oberlin College Honors Papers, 1990, 578. https://digitalcommons.oberlin.edu/honors/578/.
Huebsch, Edward. The Last Summer of Mata Hari. New York: Crown Publishers, 1979.
Jackson, Kenneth T. The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915-1930. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1992.
Jensen, Kimberly. “Whether We Vote or Not- We Are Going to Shoot: Women and Armed Defense on the Home Front.” In 100 Years of Women’s Suffrage: A University of Illinois Press Anthology, edited by Dawn Durante. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2019.
Keay, Julia. The Spy Who Never Was: The Life and Loves of Mata Hari. Oxford: Clio Press, 1989.
Knutson, Anne Classen. Breasts, Brawn and Selling a War: American World War I Propaganda Posters, 1917-1918. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997.
Kolb, Alexandra. “Mata Hari’s Dance in the Context of Femininity and Exoticism.” Mandrágora: Revista do Grupo de Estudos de Gênero e Religião Mandrágora 15, (2009): 58-67. DOI: 10.15603/2176-0985/mandragora.v15n15p58-67.
Lagerwey, Mary D. “Nursing, Social Contexts, and Ideologies in the Early United States Birth Control Movement.” Nursing Inquiry 6, no. 4 (Dec. 1999): 223-276. DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1800.1999.00037.x.
Latham, Angela J. Posing a Threat: Flappers, Chorus Girls, and Other Brazen Performers of the American 1920s. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2000.
Latham, Angela J. “The Right to Bare: Containing and Encoding American Women in Popular Entertainments of the 1920s.” Theatre Journal 49, no. 4 (Dec. 1997): 455-473. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3208392.
Lumsden, Linda J. Rampant Women: Suffragists and the Right of Assembly. Knoxville: The University of Kentucky Press, 1997.
Maclean, Nancy. Behind the Mask of Chivalry: The Making of the Second Ku Klux Klan. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Manz, Stefan, and Mark E. Benbow. “Counter-Propaganda and Spy Fever: Germans in Washington, DC, During World War I.” Journal of American Ethnic History (Oct. 2020): 40-69. https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.40.1.0040.
McEwan, Paul. The Birth of a Nation. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018.
McKenzie, Linda P. “The Pledge of Allegiance: One Nation Under God.” Arizona Law Review 46, no. 2 (2004): 379- 414. https://arizonalawreview.org/pdf/46-2/46arizlrev379.pdf.
McVeigh, Rory. “Structural Incentives for Conservative Mobilization: Power Devaluation and the Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, 1915–1925,” Social Forces 77, no. 4 (June 1999): 1461–1496. https://doi.org/10.2307/3005883.
Merk, Frederick. Manifest Destiny and Mission in American History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.
Moran, Michelle. Mata Hari: Dancer, Lover, Spy. London: Quercus Editions, 2016.
Murphy, Yannick. Signed, Mata Hari. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 2007.
Naeem, Aiman, and Mehran Ali. “Mata Hari as a New Woman in Paul Coelho’s Novel The Spy: Magnifying Hari’s Subjugation Through a Feminist Lens,” International Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Translation Studies 3, no. 1 (June 2023): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.37605/ijllts.v3i1.21.
Nayak, Meghana V., and Christopher Malone, “American Orientalism and American Exceptionalism: A Critical Rethinking of US Hegemony,” International Studies Review 11, no. 2 (June 2009): 253-276. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40389061.
Neuhaus, Jessamyn. “The Importance of Being Orgasmic: Sexuality, Gender, and Martial Sex Manuals in the United States, 1920-1946.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 9, no.4 (Oct. 2002): 447- 473. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3704912.
Ngai, Mae M. “American Orientalism.” Review of New York before Chinatown: Orientalism and the Shaping of American Culture, 1776-1882, by John Kuo Wei Tchen. Reviews in American History 28, no. 3 (Sept. 2000): 408-415. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30031178.
Ostrovsky, Erika. Eye of Dawn: The Rise and Fall of Mata Hari. New York: MacMillan, 1978.
Pegram, Thomas R. One Hundred Percent American: The Rebirth and Decline of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2011.
Pfaff, William. The Irony of Manifest Destiny: The Tragedy of America’s Foreign Policy. New York: Walker Publishing Company, 2010.
Proctor, Tammy M. Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War. New York: New York University Press, 2003.
Rabinovitch-Fox, Einav. “New Women in Early 20th- Century America.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History (Aug. 2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.427.
Ray, Romita. “Orientalizing the Bayadère/ Fabricating Mata Hari.” Photographies 5, no. 1 (Mar. 2012): 87-111. DOI: 10.1080/17540763.2011.645249.
Reilly, Kimberly A. “‘A Perilous Venture for Democracy’: Soldiers, Sexual Purity, and American Citizenship in the First World War.” The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13, no. 2 (Apr. 2014): 223- 255. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537781414000085.
Roth, Ginny A., and Elizabeth Fee, “A Soldier’s Hero: Edith Cavell (1865-1915).” American Journal of Public Health 100, no. 10 (Oct. 2010): 1865-1866. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.188599.
Sagert, Kelly Boyer. Flappers: A Guide to an American Subculture. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press, 2010.
Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Random House, 1979.
Samuels, Diane. The True Life Fiction of Mata Hari. London: Nick Herns Books, 2002.
Sardar, Ziauddin. Orientalism. Philadelphia: Open University Press, 1999.
Sargeant, Amy. “The Return of Mata Hari: A Woman Redeemed (Sinclair Hill, 1927).” Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 30, no. 1 (March 2010): 37-54. DOI: 10.1080/01439680903577250.
Schaefer, Richard T. “Ku Klux Klan: Continuity and Change.” Phylon 32, no. 2 (1971): 143- 157. https://doi.org/10.2307/273999.
Scott, James Brown. “President Harding’s Foreign Policy,” The American Journal of International Law 31, no. 3 (July 1921): 409-411. https://doi.org/10.2307/2188000.
Shank, Theodore. “Nightfire’s Femme Fatale: The Invention of Personality.” The Drama Review 25, no. 3 (Autumn 1993): 84-87. https://doi.org/10.2307/1145364.
Sherman, Dan. The Man Who Loved Mata Hari. New York: Donald I. Fine, 1985.
Shipman, Pam. Femme Fatale: Love, Lies, and the Unknown Life of Mata Hari. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2007.
Skinner, Richard. The Red Dancer: The Life and Times of Mata Hari: A Novel. New York: Ecco, 2002.
Smith, Kirsten. “’Keep Mum, She’s Definitely not Dumb’: The Complex and Cunning Femme Fatale in Espionage Fiction and History.” In Perceiving Evil: Evil Women and the Feminine, edited by David Farnell, Rute Noiva, and Kristen Smith, 129-138. Boston: Brill, 2015.
Smith, Kirsten. “Seduction and Sex: The Changing Allure of the Femme Fatale in Fact and Fiction.” In Revisiting Female Evil: Power, Purity, and Desire, edited by Melissa Deary, Susana Nicolas, and Roger Davis, 37-52. Boston: Brill, 2017.
Stephanson, Anders. Manifest Destiny: American Expansion and the Empire of Right. New York: Hill and Wang, 1995.
Sylado, Remy. My Name is Mata Hari. Translated, Reviewed, and Edited by Dewi Anggraeni. San Mateo, CA: Dalang Publishing, 2012.
Tjepkema, Elske. “The Image of Mata Hari Remains: The Representation of Mata Hari in Various Media in the Netherlands in Relation to Her Regional and National Characterization,” MA thesis, Radboud University, Aug. 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3660.
Tóth, Zsófia Anna. “Greta Garbo, Her Transgressions and Unconventional Ways on and off Screen.” Brno Studies in English 34, no. 1 (2008): 105- 124. https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/104255.
Waagenaar, Sam. Mata Hari: A Biography. New York: Appleton- Century, 1965.
Warner, Deborah J. Perfect in Her Place: Women at Work in Industrial America. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981, 1-26. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED260963.pdf.
Wienen, Mark Van. “Women’s Ways in the War: The Poetry and Politics of the Woman’s Peace Party, 1916-1917.” Modern Fiction Studies 38, no. 3 (Autumn 1992): 687-714. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26283495.
Welter, Barbara. “The Cult of True Womanhood.” The American Quarterly 18, no. 2 (Summer 1966): 154-174. https://doi.org/10.2307/2711179.
Wertenbaker, Lael Tucker. The Eye of the Lion: A Novel Based on the Life of Mata Hari. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1964.
West, Elizabeth Cassidy. “Weaving Their White Magic: Avenues of Feminine Patriotism in World War I South Carolina” MA thesis, University of South Carolina, 2002. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=lib_facpub.
Wheelwright, Julie. “Poisoned Honey: The Myth of Women in Espionage.” Queen’s Quarterly 100, no. 2 (2019): 3-17. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/23204/.
Wheelwright, Julie. The Fatal Lover: Mata Hari and the Myth of Female in Espionage. London: Collins & Brown, 1992.
Wheelwright, Julie. “The Language of Espionage: Mata Hari and the Creation of the Spy-Courtesan.” In Languages and the First World War: Representation and Memory, edited by Christophe Declercq and Julian Walker, 164-177. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
Wheelwright, Julie and Ummels, Adriënne. “Marketing Coup or Paradigm Shift? Reflections of the Dutch Media Interpretations of the 2017 ‘Mata Hari: de Mythe en het Meisje?’” Journalism 24, no. 10 (July 2022): 2252-2269. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849221100921.
White, Rosie, “Englishness and Espionage: Edith Cavell as the Good Spy.” In Heroines and Heroes: Symbolism, Embodiment, Narratives and Identity, edited by Christopher Hart. Kingswinford, England: Midrash Publications, 2008.
White, Rosie. “‘You’ll be the Death of Me’: Mata Hari and the Myth of the Femme Fatale.” In The Femme Fatale: Images, Histories, Contexts, edited by Helen Hanson and Catherine O’ Rawe, 72-85. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Wilcox, Clifford. “World War I and the Attack on Professors of German at the University of German at the University of Michigan.” History of Education Quarterly 33, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 59-84. DOI: 10.2307/368520.
Williams, Michael. “Idols and Idolatry: Greta Garbo and Romon Navarro in Mata Hari (1931).” In Film Stardom and the Ancient Past: Idols, Artefacts, and Epics, 25-28. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Wilson, Joan Hoff. American Business and Foreign Policy: 1920- 1933. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1971.
Yoshihara, Mari. Embracing the East: White Women and American Orientalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Yu, Henry. “Orientalizing the Pacific Rim: The Production of Exotic Knowledge by American Missionaries and Sociologists in the 1920s.” The Journal of American-East Asian Relations 5, no. ¾ (1996): 331-359. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23612679.
Zeitz, Joshua. Flapper a Madcap Story of Sex, Style, Celebrity, and the Women Who Made America Modern. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2006.